Boeing-747 _ Final_Project

• Dipole antenna.
• Marconi antenna.
• Loop antenna.

AUXILIARY POWER UNIT:

• An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion.
• They are commonly found on large aircraft and naval ships as well as some large land vehicles.
• Aircraft APUs generally produce 115 V AC voltage at 400 Hz (rather than 50/60 Hz in mains supply), to run the electrical systems of the aircraft others can produce 28 V DC voltage.
•  APUs can provide power through single or three-phase systems.

VERTICAL STABILIZERS:

• A vertical stabilizer or tail fin is the static part of the vertical tail of an aircraft. 
• The term is commonly applied to the assembly of both this fixed surface and one or more movable rudders hinged to it.
• Their role is to provide control, stability and trim in yaw (also known as directional or weathercock stability). It is part of the aircraft specifically of its stabilizer
• The vertical tail is typically mounted on top of the rear fuselage, with the horizontal stabilizers mounted on the side of the fuselage (a configuration termed "conventional tail"). Other configurations, such as T-tail or twin tail, are sometimes used instead.
• The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, which is called yaw. 

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER:

• The stabilizer is a fixed wing section whose job is to provide stability for the aircraft to keep it flying straight.
• The horizontal stabilizer prevents up-and-down, or pitching, motion of the aircraft nose.
• A horizontal stabilizer is used to maintain the aircraft in longitudinal balance, or trim it exerts a vertical force at a distance so the summation of pitch moments about the center of gravity is zero.
• The vertical force exerted by the stabilizer varies with flight conditions, in particular according to the aircraft lift coefficient and wing flaps deflection which both affect the position of the centre of pressure, and with the position of the aircraft center of gravity (which changes with aircraft loading and fuel consumption). 
• This maintains a constant aircraft attitude, with unchanging pitch angle relative to the airstream, without active input from the pilot.

WINGS:

• Wing, in aeronautics, an airfoil that helps lift a heavier-than-air craft.
• When positioned above the fuselage (high wings) wings provide an unrestricted view below and good lateral stability.

• Low wing: mounted near or below the bottom of the fuselage.
• Mid wing: mounted approximately halfway up the fuselage.
• Shoulder wing mounted on the upper part or shoulder of the fuselage, slightly below the top of the fuselage. 
• High wing: mounted on the upper fuselage.

FLAPS AND AILERONS:

• An aileron ( little wing or fin) is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed wing aircraft.
• Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around the aircraft's longitudinal axis), which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the lift vector.
• Movement around this axis is called rolling or banking.

FLAP TRACK FAIRINGS:

• Fairings are needed to enclose the flap operating mechanism when the flap is up.
• They open up as the flap comes down and may also pivot to allow the necessary sideways movement of the extending mechanism which occurs on swept-wing installations.

LANDING GEAR HATCHES OPENED CLOSED:

• Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both
• For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with skis or floats needed to operate from snow,ice,water and skids for vertical operation on land. Faster aircraft have retractable undercarriages, which fold away during flight to reduce drag.
• Generally, Landing Gears in a Commercial Airliner are Extended at approximately 1800 ft AGL (Above Ground Level) when the Airspeed is less than 190 KIAS, before the 'Final' Phase of the Flight.

ENGINE:

• An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system.
• Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years many small UAVs have used electric motors.
• Types of Airplane Engines 
• Turbojet
• Turboprop 
• Tubofan
• The engine selected for this air craft GEnx2B67

LIVERY:

• An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators (airlines, governments, airforces and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft.

NOSE GEAR ASSEMBLY:

• Nose gear is the name given to the landing gear in the nose of an airplane.
• In most airplane designs, the nose gear is used to steer the airplane while it is on the ground.
• In tail-dragger designs, the airplane is turned by applying the brake in the direction that the pilot wants the plane to turn.

MAIN GEAR ASSEMBLY:

• Main landing gear are the two or more large gear located close to the aircraft's center of gravity.
• Three basic arrangements of landing gear are used tail wheeltype landing gear (also known as conventional gear), tandem landing gear, and tricycle-type landing gear
• Main gear assembly consist of two suspension arm and wheels.

BOEING 747-8 ASSEMBLY:

• After completing the livery the main body (fuselage) are inserted into the assembley environment.
• The engine is assembled with the main body by applying coincidence and distance mate between the engine and fuselage body.
• There are different types of mates
• coincidence mate
• concentric mate 
• Distance mate
• Angular mate
• Gear mate

DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS:

• Right, Top, Front Planes: These are the planes used for creating sketches.
• Line: This command is used to draw line, curve,etc
• Spline: This command is used to create spline on the sketches we can draw into any shape that we required
• Rectangle: This command is used to draw rectangle at required sketch.
• Circle: This command is used to draw the circle in a required diameter
• Point: This command is used to keep the point for reference of the sketch
• Offset: This command is used for offseten the drawn sketch to the given dimension 
• Smart dimension: This command is used to define the dimension of the sketch.
• Convert entities: create one or more curves in a sketch by projecting an edge, loop, face, curve, or external sketch contour, set of edges, or set of sketch curves onto the sketch plane.
• Mirror entities: Mirror Entities to mirror pre-existing 2D sketch entities on a plane, and then select the entity about which to mirror. If you want to first select the entity about which to mirror, and then sketch the entities to mirror
• Split Line: projects an entity (sketch, solid, surface, face, plane, or surface spline) to surfaces, or curved or planar faces. It divides a selected face into multiple separate faces.
• Project curves: Create a sketch on each of two intersecting planes, closing each sketch 
• Planes: This planes are created by using reference command
• Axis: This command is used to create reference sketch.

FEATURES:

• Extrude Boss Basse: An Extruded Boss/Base feature will allow you to take a 2D sketch and add thickness to it in the third dimension. Every few releases, this feature gets some terrific functionality added to it.
• Revolved Boss Base: Revolves add or remove material by revolving one or more profiles around a centerline.
• Lofted Boss: Loft creates a feature by making transitions between profiles. A loft can be a base, boss, cut, or surface. 
• Extruded cut: create an extruded cut in a two-dimensional or axisymmetric planar part by sketching the two-dimensional cross-section of the cut directly on the plane of the part.
•                      The cut always passes completely through the part.
• Shell: The shell tool hollows out a part, leaves open the faces you select, and creates thin-walled features on the remaining faces.
• Mirror: Mirroring is another way that SolidWorks can create a copy of an existing object. Additionally, you must choose a plane to mirror parts.

• CONCLUSION:
• In this project the various parts of the boeing 747-8 was modeled with the different environments surface modeleing, solid modeleing and assembly availabile in the solidworks.
• The Assembly of the boeing 747-8 is rendered with photoview 360 and solidworks visualize to create a real view of the model with the environment.