Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM: To create a 3D-rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCAD.

INTRODUCTION:

The main objective of this project is to understand about to create a Plan in 2D, then convert it into 3D using AutoCAD 3D, applying materials and rendering.

AutoCAD is primarily used for generating 2D sketches. While it is possible to create 3D objects, AutoCAD is built around a flat, sketch-based interface. There is a wide range of pre-defined 3D objects in AutoCAD. These objects are cylinders, spheres and wedges and many more. But then users use 2D objects and modify them using the 3D commands accordingly. So, AutoCAD 3D commands like Extrude, Sweep, Revolve, and Union are used by the users.

Also, the user must know the importance of the Viewport feature if they are working on 3D Models. The viewport command allows the user to split the drawing area into different windows to project multiple views of the model. These include the top, front, left/right views of the object. This feature works great for the user and helps them to observe the model from different aspects. Some 2D and 3D tools which was used while working on this project is as follows;

2D tools:

Line: The line object is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawings of any discipline. Each segment is a line object that can be edited separately, assigning properties such as layer, line type, and line weight.

Construction Lines: Construction lines (also known as xlines) are temporary line work entities that can be used as references when creating and positioning other objects or line work. Construction lines are either circles or straight lines that extend to infinity in both directions

Polygon: Creates an equilateral closed polyline. We can specify the number of sides of the polygon and whether it is inscribed or circumscribed.

Rectangle: When using the RECTANGLE command, absolute or relative coordinate values are used to define the size of the rectangle. Actual dimension values are preferred to create the length and width of the rectangle. Command used- REC

Circle: Created a circle Command used - CIRCLE or C

Erase: The erase command is used to remove or delete objects from the drawing. The selected objects can also be removed with the help of the 'Delete' button on the keyboard. We can also delete faces, vertices, and meshes in 3D with the help of Erase command.

Copy: Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction. With the COPYMODE system variable, you can control whether multiple copies are created automatically.

Trim: Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects. Command used: TR

Layers: Use layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties such as colour and line type. Objects on a layer normally assume the properties of that layer. However, you can override any layer property of an object. For example, if an object’s colour property is set to BYLAYER, the object displays the colour of that layer. If the object’s colour is set to Red, the object displays as red, regardless of the colour assigned to that layer. Command used- LAYER

Mirror: The mirror command in AutoCAD is used to create a copy (mirror copy) of the selected object. We can also delete the source object after mirroring the object. The objects that represent the same as the half of their object can be mirrored across a center line to create the other half of the object.

Offset: Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves. Command used: OFFSET.

Extend: Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects. To extend objects, first select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that you want to extend. To use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt. Command used: EX

Array: Creates copies of objects arranged in a pattern. We can create copies of objects in a regularly spaced rectangular, polar, or path array.

Move: The move command in AutoCAD is used to move objects at a specified distance and direction.

To move the objects with precision, we can use object snaps, grid snaps, coordinates, etc.

Rotate: Used to rotate objects in our drawing around a specified base point. To determine the angle of rotation, we can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle. Command used: ROTATE

Dimension: Creates multiple dimensions and types of dimensions with a single command. We can select objects or points on objects to dimension, and then click to place the dimension line. When we hover over an object, the DIM command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimension type to use.

Text: We can use single-line text to create one or more lines of text, where each text line is an independent object that you can move, format, or otherwise modify. Right-click in the text box to select options on the shortcut menu.

Fillet: The fillet tool helps form round corners between any two entities that form a sharp vertex. Command used: FILLETEtc.

3D tools:

Revolve

Draw> Modelling> Revolve

Extrude

Draw > Modeling > Extrude

This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.

Sweep

Draw > Modeling > Sweep

This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.

Union

Modify > Solids Editing > Union

This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.

Subtract

Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract

This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.

Intersect

Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect

With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.

RENDERING

Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene, and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene. The environmental and exposure settings of the renderer can be adjusted to control the final rendered image.

APPLYING MATERIALS

Click Visualize tab Materials panel Materials Browser. Find
Select the objects to which you want to assign the material.
In the Materials Browser, right-click the material to assign and choose Assign to Selection.
The material is assigned to the objects.

Applying a material using the tool Palettes

Click View tab Palettes panel Tool Palettes. Find
On the Tool Palettes window, click a tab to set the tool palette current.
Drag a material tool from the tool palette onto the object.
Applying a material by layer

Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Attach by Layer. Find

In the Material Attachment Options dialog box, drag a material from the Materials list onto a layer in the Layers list.
The material is assigned to all objects on the layer whose Material property is set to ByLayer. (ByLayer is the default for the Material property when you create an object.)

To remove applied materials

Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Remove Materials.
Select an object whose material you want to remove.
The material is removed from the object and replaced by the ByLayer material,Etc.

PROCEDURE :

STEP 1 (FOR CREATING A PLAN) :

Open Auto Cad.
In the right-left corner click on the settings icon which is the icon of the workspace.
Select 3d modeling.
Enter the UN (Units ) command in the command box and change the type as decimal and select precision as 0.0
Now enter Dim style in the command box and modify the settings and select primary units as decimal and give precision as 0.0
Select the line command and draw in top or 2D mode.
Line command is used to draw the plan.
Command the X line and draw a line in X Direction as well as in the Y direction.
Trim the unwanted corner lines.
Offset 250 for the wall.
Offset 4600 for bedroom in X direction and 3600 in Y direction.
Offset 125 for the internal wall.
offset 4600 in the X direction and offset 5100 in the Y direction for the kitchen.
Offset 1000 for was basin.
Offset 1500in X and 2800 in Y direction both for bath and WC.
All walls are 230 mm thick.
Line command is used to draw windows and doors.
The size of the window is 1500 X 1800 and 1200 X 1800. The size of the doors is 1000 X 2400 and 1200 X 2400.
The landing width is 1500
The tread is 250 and the rise is 150.
The mtext command is used to give naming to the plan.

Step:-2

Next, we need to turn the 2D view into the isometric view of the plans.
Next, we need to use the region command and select the objects and press enter.
Then the selected objects will become a region as shown in the below figure.
Then again extrude the selected regions up to the height of 3000.
Next, we create the door openings and window openings using the subtract command, as shown in the below figure.

I give the wall color sky blue in the layers.

Step:-3

Next, we draw the stairs with a riser of 150 and tread of 250, as shown in the below figure.

STEP:-4

Now we want to create the 3d model of the 1st floor and give the colors to the rooms, as shown in the figure.

Step:-5

Next, we need to create the windows using the standard dimensions as per Indian standards, as shown in the figure.
The size of the window is 1500 x 1800 and 1200 x 1800. And also create doors of size 1200 x 2400 and 1000 x 2400.

Create ventilators for washrooms and kitchen.

Step:-6

Now insert the Doors, windows, and ventilators in their place in the building.

Next, we insert the staircase in the building using the move command as shown in the below figure.

And also add the ground flooring with 600 and the slab with 150.

Step:-7

Next, we use the copy command and copy the 1st floor that is already created.
Next, use the array command and set levels up to the 2 floors.
Next, we draw the parapet wall with a height of 900, as shown in the figure.
And we create the sunshades using the rectangle command, extrude command, and union command, as shown in the below figure.

we can also provide a sun shield or rain shield to the steps to protect them from the sun.

Step:-8

Next, we click the material option in the visualize option and then press the material browser.
Then all the materials are displayed on the screen, and select any of the materials from them.

We want to take the materials that are suitable for our building.

For example, I am taking glass material that is used in the windows.

After placing the glasses in their positions, the building looks like this.

Step:-9

We select the camera and put it in the required position and then press enter.
Next click on the camera then the small tab will appear at the top of the left corner, as shown in the figure.

Step:-10

Finally, we select the render option and then slowly it changes to the rendering view as shown in the below figure.

RESULT:-

A three-dimensional model of the residential building with a rendered view is created successfully in AutoCAD in a detailed manner.