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Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

Aim :- To Design and Draft a layout of a Residential Building having plot size of 60' X 20' ( 18.3m X 6m ), facing East-direction using AutoCAD. Architectural Drawing :- Site Plan Layout Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan Elevation Section View Structural Drawing :- Column…

C Mallika
updated on 03 Feb 2023

Aim :- To Design and Draft a layout of a Residential Building having plot size of 60' X 20' ( 18.3m X 6m ), facing East-direction using AutoCAD.

Architectural Drawing :-

Site Plan Layout
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Elevation
Section View

Structural Drawing :-

Column Layout Plan
Beam Layout Plan
Footing Layout Plan

Introduction :-

The general commands used for drawing the building is as follows :-

Line
Rectangle
Circle
Erase
Copy
Trim
Mirror
Offset
Extend
Array
Move
Rotate
Dimension
Text
Fillet
Hatch
Join
Explode
Breakepoint
Multileader
Layer

The Assumed dimensions are as following :-

External wall = 230 mm
Internal wall = 150 mm
Staircase Dimensions :-

Treads = 250 mm, Riser = 200 mm

Windows Dimensions :-

W = 1000 mm x 1500 mm, V = 700 mm x 500 mm

Doors Dimensions :-

D1 = 1500 mm x 2000 mm, D2 = 1000 mm x 2000 mm, D3 = 900 mm x 2000 mm

Beam Size = 230 mm x 350 mm

Column Size = 230 mm x 230 mm

Procedure :-

Open AutoCAD application.
Type "Un" and press enter.
Set Units to scale inserted content as "milimeter" and press Enter.
Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.

Step 1 :- Creating Layers :-

Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

Step 2 :- Creating Site Layout :-

Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
Specify first point anywhere on screen.
Specify next point as @18300<0.
Specify next point as @6000<90.
Specify next point as @18300<180.
Specify next point as @6000<270.
Specify next point as @6000<270 and press Enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
Select the line bottom edge of rectangle and click on bottom.
Select the last offsetted line and hold line's right grip and stretch the line at a distance of 9000 in right direction.
Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
Specify the starting point as the right end of last stretched line.
Specify next point as @15000<145 and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
Select the last drawn line and click on right side.
Use the Extend command by typing "EX" in the command box and extend the lines to make the roads near site location.
Use Multileader command from annotation tab and give the road sign in the layout.
Give dimension to the Site layout from dimension menu in annotation tab or Home tab.
Draw the direction sign box by using "line" command and giving text to them by using "multi text" command.
Draw the jogger line to show the continuity of the road.
Use layer command and put each obects in the specified layer.

Step 3 :- Creating Ground Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
Select dimensions option in the command box.
Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
Select the both rectangles and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

Creating Doors and Windows in Ground Floor Plan :-

Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
For D1, make 1500mm size opening in the walls.
And 1000mm and 900mm size openings for doors D2 and D3 respectively.
For D1, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
Type "L" for line command and press enter.
Specify any starting point.
Specify next point as @25<180.
Specify next point as @1500<90.
Specify next point as @50<180.
Specify next point as @1500<270.
Specify next point as @50<0 and press enter.
Click on "ARC" option on ribbon and select "Start, End and Direction" type arc to draw.
Select Start point of arc as end of the 1500 length line.
Select end point as the other end of the door opening.
Give the suitable direction which suits the arc.
Repeat the same procedures for D2 and D3 doors with their respective sizes.
Select whole door drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
Pick the door and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
Use rotate command to rotate the object.
For window, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WINDOWS" Layer.
Create a vertical line of 230 mm.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1000" and press enter.
Select the last vertical line and click on right.
Type "L" for line command and press enter.
Join the mid points of the last to drawn line and press enter.
Select whole window drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
Pick the windows and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
Repeat the same procedures for ventilation with it's respective size.

Creating Staircase in Ground Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
Select Array option in command box.
Specify no. of item in array as "10".
Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.
Draw the Stairs in the Entrance by the same process but with different dimensions.

Creating Texts in Ground Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

Creating Dimensions in Ground Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.

Step 4 :- Creating First Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
Select dimensions option in the command box.
Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
Select the both rectangles and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3720" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

Creating Doors and Windows in First Floor Plan :-

Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
The procedure of creating doors and windows is same as in the Ground floor plan.

Creating Staircase in First Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
Select Array option in command box.
Specify no. of item in array as "10".
Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.

Creating Texts in First Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

Creating Dimensions in First Floor Plan :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.

Step 5 :- Creating Front Elevation :-

Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "ver" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Elevation.
Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
Mark this horizontal line as Natural Ground Level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Select all horizontal lines and put them into the "SLAB" layer.
Change the current layer to "WINDOWS" layer.
Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1200 and press enter.
Select the last line drawn and click on top.
Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a window with 1000X1500 as per Window dimensions.
Copy the rectangles to all the required place as shown in figure.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.

Creating Hatch in Front Elevation Drawing :-

Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
After defining the hatch, press enter.

Creating Texts in Front Elevation Drawing :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

Creating Dimensions in Front Elevation Drawing :-

Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

Step 6 :- Creating Section A-A :-

Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "ver" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Section A-A.
Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
Take this horizontal line as N.G.L.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
Select all offsetted lines and define them in "Slab" layer.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Change the current layer to window layer.
Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1200 as sil distance from floor and press enter.
Select the last line drawn and click on top.
Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a window with 1000x1500 as per Window dimensions.
Copy the rectangles to both the floors as shown in figure.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
After defining the hatch, press enter.
Draw the window shade with the use of projections and then define them in window layer.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

Step 7 :- Creating Section B-B :-

Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "Hor" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Section B-B.
Draw a Vertical line which cuts all horizontal line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Use the projections to find the edges of slabs, stairs, doors and columns.
Draw the staircase with the taking the riser as 200mm and treads as 250mm.
Mark the projection of doors and Select Doors layer from layer tab and make the doors of size 1000mm x 2000mm.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and staircase.
After defining the hatch, press enter.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

Architectural Drawing :-

Structure Drawing :-

Step 8 :- Creating Section Column Layout :-

Turn off All the Layers except columns and center line.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each column in the layout.

Step 9 :- Creating Ground Floor Beam Layout :-

Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each beam in the layout.

Step 10 :- Creating First Floor Beam Layout :-

Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each beam in the layout.

Step 11 :- Creating Footing Layout :-

Use the copy command and Select column layout drawing and move it to some other location.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
The size of the Isolating footing is taken as 900x900.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 335 and press enter.
Select all the columns except D1, D2, E1 and E2 and click outward.
For above 4 columns, combine footing layout is drawn of size 2320 x 900.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each column in the layout.